ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΟ
ΒΙΟΛΟΓΙΚΑ ΠΡΟΪΟΝΤΑ ΚΑΙ ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ
Η βιολογική γεωργία είναι μια μέθοδος παραγωγής τροφίμων η οποία σέβεται:
Τη φύση
Οι καλλιεργητικές πρακτικές που εφαρμόζονται στη βιολογική γεωργία αποσκοπούν, εκτός της προστασία του καταναλωτή και του παραγωγού, στην προστασία του ίδιου του αγροοικοσύστηματος. Η άγρια ζωή (χλωρίδα και πανίδα) αποτελεί πρωταρχικό στοιχείο και απαραίτητο «συστατικό» της βιολογικής γεωργίας. Για το λόγο αυτό, μια σειρά πρακτικές, όπως, η διατήρηση της άγριας βλάστησης στα περιθώρια των αγροτεμαχίων, η διατήρηση ή/και λήψη των καταλλήλων μέτρων για την αύξηση των φυσικών εχθρών των εντομών-εχθρών των καλλιεργειών, η απαγόρευση χρήσης συνθετικών φυτοφαρμάκων και ανόργανων λιπασμάτων, ως στόχο έχουν την προστασία του αγροοικοσύστηματος και τη διατήρηση της βιοποικιλότητας.
Τον υδροφόρο ορίζοντα
Η απορροή των ρυπογόνων χημικών φυτοφαρμάκων και η έκπλυση, κυρίως των ανόργανων νιτρικών λιπασμάτων, που χρησιμοποιούνται αλόγιστα στη συμβατική καλλιέργεια, ως αποτέλεσμα έχουν τη ρύπανση και τη σημαντική επιβάρυνση του υδροφόρου ορίζοντα. Χαρακτηριστικό παράδειγμα σημαντικής επιβάρυνσης του υδροφόρου ορίζοντα με νιτρικές ουσίες, αποτελούν οι περιοχές καλλιέργειας βάμβακος. Αντιθέτως, στη βιολογική γεωργία η απαγόρευση χρήσης ανόργανων λιπασμάτων και συνθετικών φυτοφαρμάκων, έχει ως αποτέλεσμα την ελάχιστη επιβάρυνση του υδροφόρου ορίζοντα.
Το έδαφος
Η μονοκαλλιέργεια η οποία ως γνωστό εξαντλεί τα εδάφη, δεν εφαρμόζεται στην βιολογική καλλιέργεια. Αντιθέτως, στη βιολογική γεωργία είναι απαραίτητη η εφαρμογή κατάλληλου προγράμματος αμειψισποράς, το οποίο, σε συνδυασμό με την χλωρή λίπανση του εδάφους και τη χρήση οργανικών ουσιών, αποσκοπεί στη διατήρηση και την αύξηση της γονιμότητας και της βιολογικής δραστηριότητας του εδάφους.
Τα εκτρεφόμενα ζώα
Ο Γκάντι είχε αναφέρει κάποτε «Το μεγαλείο της ανθρωπότητας και η πρόοδος της ηθικής μπορούν να κριθούν από τον τρόπο που κάθε κοινωνία μεταχειρίζεται τα ζώα της».
Η βιολογική κτηνοτροφία δίνει ιδιαίτερη έμφαση στον τρόπο διαβίωσης και γενικότερα στην ευζωία των ζώων. Για τον λόγο αυτό, στη νομοθεσία που διέπει την βιολογική εκτροφή των ζώων, προβλέπονται αυστηροί κανόνες σχετικά με τις συνθήκες σταβλισμού, την απαίτηση πρόσβασης των ζώων σε υπαιθρίους χώρους άσκησης και βοσκοτόπους, στις συνθήκες υγιεινής των ζωών καθώς και στον τρόπο μεταφοράς και σφαγής τους.
Την υγεία των παραγωγών
Που αποφεύγουν την επαφή με τα επικίνδυνα χημικά – συνθετικά παρασιτοκτόνα, τα οποία, αποδεδειγμένα, ευθύνονται σε σημαντικό βαθμό για την εμφάνιση διαφόρων μορφών καρκίνου.
Την ελληνική ύπαιθρο
Καθώς αποτελεί αποτελεσματικό τρόπο βελτίωσης της ανταγωνιστικότητας των προϊόντων πολλών Ελλήνων παραγωγών, δίνοντάς τους την ευκαιρία πρόσβασης σε νέες αγορές.
43 Responses to “ΠΕΡΙΒΑΛΛΟΝ ΚΑΙ ΒΙΟ”
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